References Guide

1. Whole Authored Book References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of book in italic sentence case (Edition, if applicable). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available).

Example 1:

• Kanitkar, M. (2024). Banaye Jivan Praanvan: Pranvishya Parichaya- Siddhanta evam Vyavahara. Eye View Enterprise.

Example 2:

• Sharma, A., & Gupta, R. (2025). Academic research methodology: A concise guide (4th digital ed.). Gyan Prakashan. https://academicresearch.gyanprakashan.in/

2.  Whole Edited Book References

Format: Editor's Last Name, First Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book in italic sentence case. Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Example 1:

• Singh, R., & Kumar, D. (Eds.). (2023). Early childhood education in India: Contemporary practices and challenges. National Book Trust, India. https://earlychildhoodindia.natbooktrust.in/

Example 2:

• Mehta, A. (Ed.). (2024). Ayurvedic approaches for chronic diseases management. Orient Blackswan.

Example 3:

• Sunder, M., Pandey, V., Lakshmi, S., & Basu, R. (Eds.). (2022). Cyber psychology: Influence and implications in the digital age. Sage Publications India. https://doi.org/10.1002/978935XXXXXXX

3. Republished Book, With Editor References

Format: Original Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Original Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year of republication). Title of book in italic sentence case (Editor's First Initial. Last Name, Ed.). Publisher of republication. URL (if available) (Original work published Original year)

Example:

• Tagore, R. (2020). Gitanjali: A collection of poems (A. K. Sharma, Ed.). Rupa Publications India. http://a.co/00AbCDE (Original work published 1910)

4. Book Published With New Foreword by Another Author References

Format: Original Author's Last Name, First Initial. (with New Foreword Author's First Initial. Last Name). (Year of republication). Title of book in italic sentence case (Edition, if applicable). Publisher. (Original work published Original year)

Example:

• Kalam, A. P. J. Abdul (with Narayan, S.). (2021). Wings of fire: An autobiography (Special ed.). Universities Press. (Original work published 1999)

5. Several Volumes of a Multivolume Work References

Format: Editor's Last Name, First Initial., Editor's Last Name, First Initial., & Editor's Last Name, First Initial. (Eds.). (Year). Title of multivolume work in italic sentence case (Vols. x-y). Publisher.

Example:

• Verma, P. L., Das, A., & Nair, K. S. (Eds.). (2023). Indian history and culture encyclopedia (Vols. 1-5). Macmillan Publishers India.

6.  Chapter in an Edited Book References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of chapter in sentence case. In Editor's First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Title of book in italic sentence case (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available)

Example 1 (With DOI):

• Singh, A., Das, P., & Verma, R. (2024). Traditional Indian performing arts: Talent development and nurturing. In S. K. Gupta, N. Sharma, & V. Kumar (Eds.), The psychology of artistic excellence: Cultivating creative potential in India (pp. 280-295). National Psychological Association of India. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000XXX-016

Example 2 (No DOI):

• Singh, A. (2022). Digital sanchar or suchana samaj ka aavirbhaav. In A. K. Jha & P. K. Mishra (Eds.), Digital Media: Siddhant or Anuprayog (pp. 97-106). Rashtriya Sahitya Sansthan.

Example 3 (Online edited book):

• Sharma, G. (2023). Play-based learning: The experimenting community in action in Indian pre-schools. In E. Kumari & R. Prasad (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in India. Shiksha Prakashan. https://earlychildhoodeducation.shikshaprakashan.in/?id=221

7. Chapter in an Edited Book, Reprinted from Another Book References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year of current publication). Title of chapter in sentence case. In Editor's First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Title of current book in italic sentence case (pp. xx-xx). Publisher of current book. (Reprinted from Title of original book in italic sentence case, pp. xx-xx, by Original Editor's First Initial. Last Name, Ed., Original Year, Original Publisher)

Example:

• Bronfenbrenner, U. (2025). The social ecology of human development: A retrospective conclusion. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 27-40). Sage Publications India. (Reprinted from Child development and environment: An ecological perspective, pp. 113-123, by R. K. Singh, Ed., 1980, Indian Education Press)

8. Journal Article References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Karri, B., & Mathew, G. S. (2022). A comparative analysis of reproductive measures and predictor variables among three tribes of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2106649

9.  Journal Article with an Article Number References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), Article Number. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Gupta, S., Rao, L., Devi, P., Krishnan, M., & Verma, N. (2022). Impact of digital learning tools on rural education in India. PLoS ONE, 17(6), Article e0271234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271234

10. Journal Article with Missing Volume Number References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Season). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, (Issue), pages. URL (if available)

Example:

• Patel, D. (2024, Monsoon). Addressing mental health stigma in Indian universities. The Journal of University Administration, (55), 78-82. https://www.indianjournals.ac.in/pdf/university_admin_journal_2024.pdf

11.  Journal Article with Missing Issue Number References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume, pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Joshi, S., Roy, K., & Khanna, A. (2021). Consumer behavior in the age of e-commerce in India. Indian Journal of Marketing Research, 45, 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmr.2021.08.015

12. Journal Article with Missing Page or Article Number References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue). URL (if available)

Example:

• Nair, R. (2020). Cultural nuances in Indian advertising. Advisory: A Journal of Communication Studies, 15(2). http://www.communicationstudiesindia.net/15.2/nair/index.html

13.  Retracted Journal Article References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available) (Retraction published Year, Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume[Issue], pages)

Example:

• Singh, G., Kaur, H., & Prakash, V. (2018). The effect of yoga on stress reduction in urban professionals. Indian Journal of Health Psychology, 10(3), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0123456789012345 (Retraction published 2020, Indian Journal of Health Psychology, 12[1], 88)

14. Retraction Notice for a Journal Article References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Retraction: Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example 1:

• Kumar, A., Sharma, R., & Singh, B. (2021). Retraction: Novel therapeutic approaches for diabetes management in rural India. Indian Medical Journal, 65(8), 1234. https://doi.org/10.1158/0000-0000.IMJ-21-1234

Example 2:

• The Editorial Board of the Indian Journal of Sociology. (2023). Retraction-Impact of social media on youth behavior in metropolitan cities. Indian Journal of Sociology, 78(2), 222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0000-0000(23)00000-0

15. Abstract of a Journal Article from an Abstract Indexing Database References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case (Accession No. XXXXXXXXXX) [Abstract from Database Name]. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Rao, N., & Iyengar, S. (2019). Community participation in water management in Karnataka: A case study (Accession No. 201905067) [Abstract from Indian Social Sciences Abstracts]. Journal of Rural Development, 42(1), 50-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/9876543210987654

16. Monograph as Part of a Journal Issue References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of monograph in italic sentence case [Monograph]. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Menon, P., Sridhar, V., & Dasgupta, C. (2020). Psychological well-being among IT professionals in Bengaluru [Monograph]. Indian Journal of Organizational Psychology, 18(2), 110-140. https://doi.org/10.1037/ijop.2020.18.2.110

17. Online-Only Supplemental Material to a Journal Article References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of supplemental material in sentence case [Supplemental material]. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Chatterjee, A. (2024). Data tables for demographic analysis of Indian household income [Supplemental material]. Indian Economic Review, 59(1), 89-90. https://doi.org/10.1037/ier.2024.59.1.89

18. Conference Paper or Presentation References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of paper in italic sentence case [Type of presentation, e.g., Paper presentation]. Name of Conference, City, State/Country.

Example:

• Khan, F. (2022, December 12). Climate change adaptation strategies in Indian agriculture [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Environmental Science, Delhi, India.

19. Abstract of a Conference Presentation References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day-Day). Title of presentation in italic sentence case [Conference presentation abstract]. Name of Conference, City, State/Country. URL (if available)

Example:

• Singh, S. (2025, March 20-22). Impact of digital literacy on rural women's empowerment in Uttar Pradesh [Conference presentation abstract]. All India Sociological Conference, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. https://socioconf.org/program-2025-final.pdf

20. Conference Proceeding References

Format (Published in Book Form): Author, A. A. (Date). Title of paper. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of proceedings (page numbers). Publisher. DOI OR URL if relevant.

Example:

• Sharma, P., & Rao, K. (2023, March). Challenges in implementing smart city initiatives in India. In S. Kumar & R. Gupta (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Development 2023 (pp. 78-92). Springer.

21. Magazine Article References

Format: (Standard Magazine Article) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Magazine in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages.

Example:

• •  Kumar, A. (2024, May 20). Bharat mein startups: Ek naya daur. India Today, 49(10), 34-38.

Format: (Magazine Article with DOI) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Magazine in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. https://doi.org/DOI

Example:

• Singh, P., & Sharma, R. (2023, April 15). Bhartiya shiksha mein takneek ka prabhav. Outlook India, 63(15), 55-58. https://doi.org/10.1126/outlook.aaxxxxx

Format: (Online Magazine Article) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Magazine in Italics. URL

Example:

• Gupta, S. (2025, July 10). Paryavaran sanrakshan: Bharat ki chunautiyan. The Week. https://www.theweek.in/magazine/2025/07/10/environmental-conservation-india.html

22. Newspaper Article References

Format: (Standard Newspaper Article - Online) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Newspaper in Italics. URL

Example:

• Rao, N. (2025, July 12). Gramin Bharat mein digital kranti. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/digital-revolution-rural-india/articleXXXXXX.ece

Format: (Standard Newspaper Article - Print) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Newspaper in Italics, Section, page numbers.

Example:

• Singh, A. (2018, June 09). Girls hostel ka boundary wall nahi banaya isiliye nahi ho pa raha uska upyog. Dainik Bhaskar (Janjgir Edition), p. 8..

23. Newspaper Article Without Reporter Name References

Format: Title of article in sentence case. (Year, Month Day). Title of Newspaper in Italics, Section, page numbers.

Example:

• Bharat mein naye rail marg ka udghatan. (2025, July 13). Navbharat Times, p. 2.

24. Newspaper Article with Edition Name (without Reporter) References

Format: Title of article in sentence case. (Year, Month Day). Title of Newspaper in Italics, Edition Name, Section, page numbers.

Example:

• 44° C me bhi Govind platform par yatriyo ko muft pilate hai Thanda pani. (2018, June 4). Dainik Jagran (Jangir Edition), p. 1.

25. Comment on an Online Newspaper Article References

Format: Username. (Year, Month Day). Comment text [Comment on the article “Title of article”]. Title of Newspaper in Italics. URL

Example:

• priya_singh. (2025, July 10). Yeh ek mahatvapurna pahal hai jo gramin kshetron mein swasthya sevaon ko behtar banayegi [Comment on the article “Bharat mein gramin swasthya kendron ka vistar”]. Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rural-health-centers-expansion-india

26. Webpage on a News Website References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. News Website Name in Italics. URL

Example 1:

• Sharma, A. (2025, June 18). Why some people in India prefer regional cinema over Bollywood. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/why-some-people-in-india-prefer-regional-cinema-over-bollywood/articleshow/123456789.cms

Example 2:

• Gupta, S. (2025, July 10). Social activist Smita Patel spearheads new campaign for rural education. NDTV News. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/smita-patel-rural-education-campaign-5678901

Example 3:

•  Singh, R. (2025, May 22). During the monsoon floods, he turned his grocery shop into a relief center for villagers. Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/monsoon-floods-grocery-shop-relief-center-villagers-10123456789.html

27. Whole Website References

Do not create references or in-text citations for whole websites if you are merely mentioning them in general and not referring to specific information or content on the site.

To mention a website in general, and not any particular information on that site, provide the name of the website in the text and include the URL in parentheses. For example, you might mention that you used a website to gather government statistics.

We gathered our demographic data using the official website of the Census of India (https://censusindia.gov.in).

If you are writing online, you can link the name of the site directly so that the link has descriptive text.

We created our survey using SurveyMonkey India.

28. Webpage on a Website With a Government Agency Group Author References

Format: Name of Government Agency. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. Parent Agency, if applicable. URL

Example:

• National Institute of Disaster Management. (2024, August). Flood preparedness and mitigation in coastal regions. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. https://nidm.gov.in/pdf/flood-preparedness-coastal-regions.pdf

29. Webpage on a Website With an Organizational Group Author References

Format: Name of Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. URL

Example:

• Observer Research Foundation. (2025, April 1). India's role in global climate diplomacy.https://www.orfonline.org/research /indias-role-global-climate-diplomacy

30. Webpage on a Website With an Individual Author References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. Website Name in Italics. URL

Example 1:

• Malhotra, R. (2025, June 5). How to manage diabetes effectively in older adults. Senior Care India. https://www.seniorcareindia.com/health/managing-diabetes-older-adults/

Example 2:

• Rao, P. (2024, November 1). Impact of digital education on learning outcomes in rural schools. Centre for Education Research. https://www.cer.org.in/insights/digital-education-rural-schools/

31. Webpage on a Website With a Retrieval Date References

Format: Author/Source. (n.d. or Year, Month Day). Title of webpage in sentence case. Publisher (if different from author). Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example:

• NITI Aayog. (n.d.). India development indicators. Government of India. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.niti.gov.in/content/india-development-indicators

32. UpToDate Article References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. UpToDate. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example:

• Sharma, S., & Gupta, M. (2025). Dengue fever: Diagnosis and management in tropical regions. UpToDate. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/dengue-fever-diagnosis-and-management

33. Entry in an Online Dictionary References

Format: Author/Source. (n.d.). Title of entry in sentence case. In Title of dictionary in italics. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example 1:

• Indian Council of Psychological Research. (n.d.). Karma theory. In ICPR dictionary of psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://dictionary.icpr.org/karma-theory

Example 2:

• Shabdkosh. (n.d.). Moksha. In Shabdkosh.com dictionary. Retrieved July 10, 2025, from https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/english-hindi/moksha

34. Entry in a Print Dictionary References

Format: Author/Source. (Year). Title of entry in sentence case. In Title of dictionary in italics (Edition, p. page number).

Example 1:

• National Centre for Indian Language Technology. (2024). Swaraj. In NCILT dictionary of political terms (3rd ed., p. 456).

Example 2:

• Oxford University Press India. (2023). Jugaad. In Oxford advanced learner's dictionary of Indian English (2nd ed., p. 550).

35. Wikipedia Entry References

Format: Title of entry in sentence case. (Year, Month Day). In Wikipedia in italic sentence case. URL

Example:

• Bharatanatyam. (2025, July 1). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bharatanatyam&oldid=1123456789

36. Report by a Government Agency References

Format: Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of report in italic sentence case (Publication No. XXX-XXXX). Sub-agency, if applicable. URL (if online)

Example 1:

• Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2024). National health policy 2024: Towards universal healthcare (MoHFW Publication No. 2024-001). Government of India. https://www.mohfw.gov.in/publications/nationalhealthpolicy2024.pdf

Example 2 (with a specific department):

• Department of Education. (2023). Annual report on primary education in rural India (DOE Report No. 2023-RPE-05). Ministry of Education, Government of India. https://www.education.gov.in/statistics/primaryeducationreport2023.pdf

37. Report with Individual Authors References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of report in italic sentence case. Organization. URL (if online)

Example 1:

• Singh, A., Kumar, V., & Sharma, G. (2025). Funding sustainable agriculture: Challenges and opportunities in India. Centre for Policy Research. https://www.cprindia.org/research/sustainable-agriculture-financing-india/

Example 2 (with report number):

• Das, S., Patel, M., Reddy, L., & Joshi, R. (2024). Urban mobility solutions for Indian mega-cities: A preliminary assessment (Report No. IITD/TR-2024-001). Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. https://ir.iitd.ac.in/handle/2074/mobility-solutions-report.pdf

38. Brochure References

Format: Author/Organization. (Year). Title of brochure in italic sentence case [Brochure]. URL (if online)

Example:

• Apollo Hospitals. (2023). Diabetes management: A guide for patients [Brochure]. https://www.apollohospitals.com/patient-education/diabetes-management-brochure.pdf

39. Ethics Code References

Format: Author/Organization. (Year). Title of ethics code in italic sentence case. URL (if online)

Example 1:

• Indian Medical Association. (2020). Code of medical ethics regulations, 2002 (as amended up to 2020). https://www.ima-india.org/code-of-ethics-medical-council-of-india.pdf

Example 2:

• National Association of Social Workers (India). (2021). NASW India code of ethics for social workers. https://www.naswindia.org/ethics/code-of-ethics.pdf

Example 3:

• Psychological Society of India. (2022). Ethical guidelines for psychologists and code of conduct (2015, amended effective March 1, 2020, and February 1, 2022). https://www.psi.org.in/ethics/code/

40. Speech (Published Transcript) References

Format: Speaker's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of speech in italic sentence case [Speech transcript]. Website Name. URL (Original work published Year, if applicable)

Example:

• Modi, N. (2023). Viksit Bharat @2047: Vision for a developed India [Speech transcript]. Prime Minister's Office. https://www.pmo.gov.in/speeches/viksit-bharat-2047 (Original work delivered 2023)

41. Published Dissertation or Thesis References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis in italic sentence case (Publication No. XXXXXXXXXX) [Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, University Name]. Database Name or Repository Name. URL (if available)

Example 1 (From a commercial database):

• Khan, S. M. (2024). Factors influencing patient satisfaction in public healthcare facilities in Delhi: A study of patient loyalty (Publication No. 12345678) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Delhi]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Example 2 (From an open-access repository):

• Patel, R. (2025). Exploring the lived experiences of tribal youth pursuing higher education: Resilience, identity, and socio-economic challenges (Publication No. 37567890) [Doctoral dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University]. Shodhganga INFLIBNET. http://hdl.handle.net/10603/37567890

Example 3 (From a university repository without publication number):

• Rao, V. (2024). The interaction of cultural values and technological adoption in Indian SMEs [Doctoral dissertation, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]. IIM A Research Repository. https://repository.iima.ac.in/handle/11234/56789

42. Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis in italic sentence case [Unpublished doctoral dissertation or unpublished master's thesis]. University Name.

Example:

• Das, S. (2023). Leadership styles and teacher efficacy in private elementary schools in West Bengal [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Jadavpur University.

43. YouTube Video References

Format: Uploader's Name. (Year, Month Day). Title of video in italic sentence case [Video]. YouTube. URL

Example 1:

• NDTV. (2024, June 10). India's general elections 2024: A comprehensive analysis [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA

Example 2:

• Incredible India. (2023, November 15). Exploring the beauty of Kerala backwaters [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=guRoWTYfxMs

44. YouTube Channel References

Format: Channel Name. (n.d.). Home [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example 1:

• Sansad TV. (n.d.). Home [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.youtube.com/user/PsycINFO/

Example 2:

• T-Series. (n.d.). Playlists [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.youtube.com/user/DjWalkzz/playlists

45. Podcast

Format: Host's Last Name, First Initial. (Host). (Year range or Year). Title of podcast in italic sentence case [Audio podcast]. Publisher/Platform. URL (if available)

Example 1:

• Sharma, S., & Gupta, A. (Hosts). (2020-present). Bharat Ki Baat [Audio podcast]. Gaana Podcasts. https://www.gaana.com/podcasts/bharat-ki-baat

Example 2:

• Rao, P. (Host). (2022-present). Mindful Living India [Audio podcast]. Spotify.

46. Podcast Episode References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Host, if applicable). (Year, Month Day). Title of episode in sentence case (No. X, if applicable) [Audio podcast episode]. In Title of podcast in italic sentence case. Publisher/Platform. URL

Example 1:

• Kumar, V. (Host). (2024, September 10). The Future of AI in Indian Agriculture (No. 12) [Audio podcast episode]. In Tech & Bharat. JioSaavn. https://www.jiosaavn.com/shows/tech-bharat/episode-12-ai-agriculture

Example 2:

• Singh, M., & Das, S. (Hosts). (2025, February 20). Exploring Ancient Indian Wisdom [Audio podcast episode]. In Echoes of Heritage. Apple Podcasts. https://podcasts.apple.com/in/podcast/echoes-of-heritage/id1234567890?i=1000456789012

47. Radio Broadcast References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of segment in sentence case [Radio broadcast]. Station. URL (if available)

Example:

• Roy, A. (2025, January 20). Climate change impact on Himalayan glaciers: Expert analysis [Radio broadcast]. All India Radio. https://www.newsonair.gov.in/climate-change-himalayan-glaciers-expert-analysis/

48. Radio Broadcast Transcript References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of segment in sentence case [Radio broadcast transcript]. Station. URL

Example:

• Sharma, V. (2025, April 1). Water conservation efforts in Rajasthan: A community success story [Radio broadcast transcript]. Doordarshan Radio. https://www.ddradio.gov.in/transcripts/water-conservation-rajasthan

49. Blog Post References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of blog post in sentence case. Title of Blog in Italics. URL

Example:

• Verma, A. (2024, November 25). Bharat mein AI ka bhavishya: Chunautiyan aur avasar. Tech India Insights. https://techindiainsights.com/ai-future-india/

50. Comment on a Blog Post References

Format: Username. (Year, Month Day). Comment text [Comment on the blog post “Title of blog post”]. Title of Blog in Italics. URL

Example:

• ranjeet_kumar. (2024, December 1). Main aapke vicharon se sahmat hoon; AI ka upyog samajik vikas ke liye kiya jana chahiye [Comment on the blog post “Bharat mein AI ka bhavishya: Chunautiyan aur avasar”]. Tech India Insights. https://techindiainsights.com/ai-future-india/#comment-123456

51. Film or Movie References

Format: Director's Last Name, First Initial. (Director). (Year). Title of film in italic sentence case [Film]. Production Company 1; Production Company 2.

Example 1:

• Kumar, R. (Director). (2023). Jal Tarang [Film]. CineVerse Studios; Dharma Productions.

Example 2 (in another language):

Format: Director's Last Name, First Initial. (Director). (Year). Original Title in Italic Sentence Case [Translated Title in brackets] [Film]. Production Company 1; Production Company 2.

• Ray, S. (Director). (1955). Pather Panchali [Song of the Little Road] [Film]. Government of West Bengal.

52. TV Series References

Format: Executive Producer's Last Name, First Initial. (Executive Producer). (Year range or Year). Title of TV series in italic sentence case [TV series]. Production Company 1; Production Company 2.

Example:

• Kashyap, A. (Executive Producer). (2018-2020). Sacred Games [TV series]. Phantom Films; Netflix.

53. Episode of a TV Show References

Format: Writer's Last Name, First Initial. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. (Director). (Year, Month Day). Title of episode in sentence case (Season X, Episode Y) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer), Title of TV series in italic sentence case. Production Company 1; Production Company 2.

Example 1:

• Basu, A. (Writer), & Ghose, R. (Director). (2024, October 5). A City's Secret (Season 1, Episode 3) [TV series episode]. In S. Roy, M. Sharma, & A. Kapoor (Executive Producers), Delhi Dairies. Stellar Studios; Prime Video.

Example 2:

• Iyer, P. (Writer & Director). (2023, March 10). The Homecoming (Season 3, Episode 8) [TV series episode]. In P. Iyer, D. Rao, & K. Menon (Executive Producers), The Great Indian Family. Lotus Productions; Jio Hotstar.

54. Online Course or Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. (n.d. or Year). Title of course in italic sentence case [MOOC or Online course]. Platform. URL

Example:

• Singh, V., Reddy, K., & Sharma, D. (n.d.). Fundamentals of Indian classical music [MOOC]. Swayam. https://www.swayam.gov.in/courses/indian-classical-music-fundamentals

55. Lecture from an Online Course or MOOC References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of lecture in sentence case [MOOC lecture or Online course lecture]. In Editor's First Initial. Last Name, Editor's First Initial. Last Name, & Editor's First Initial. Last Name, Title of course in italic sentence case. Platform. URL

Example:

• Gupta, S. (2024). Module 3: Historical evolution of Yoga practices [MOOC lecture]. In R. Kumar, A. Das, & P. Verma, Introduction to Yoga and Meditation. NPTEL. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/introduction-to-yoga-and-meditation-lecture-3

56. PowerPoint Slides Available Online References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of presentation in italic sentence case [PowerPoint slides]. Platform. URL

Example:

• Joshi, R. (2023, April 15). Effective communication strategies for rural development [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/rajeshjoshi/effective-communication-rural-development

57. PowerPoint Slides from a Classroom Website References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of presentation in italic sentence case [PowerPoint slides]. Learning Management System Name@University Name. URL

Example:

• Mehta, P., & Verma, K. (2024). Research ethics in social sciences: A guide for students [PowerPoint slides]. Moodle@IIT Bombay. https://moodle.iitb.ac.in/login

58. Open Educational Resource References

Format: (Online OER with author and retrieval date) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of resource in italic sentence case. Platform/Repository. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example 1:

• Kumar, R. (2025, February 7). Introduction to nursing practice in rural India. Swayam. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.swayam.gov.in/courses/nursing-rural-practice/view

Format: (Online OER with organizational author and retrieval date) Author/Organization. (n.d. or Year). Title of resource in italic sentence case. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example 2:

• National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL). (n.d.). Environmental studies: An interdisciplinary approach. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://nptel.ac.in/courses/environmental-studies/

Format: (Online OER book with author) Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of book in italic sentence case. Publisher/Platform. URL

Example 3:

• Singh, M. K., Jha, A. N., & Prasad, V. D. (2024). Principles of Indian economics 2e. eGyanKosh. https://egyankosh.ac.in/details/books/principles-of-indian-economics-2e

Format: (Online OER lecture slides with author) Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of lecture slides in italic sentence case [Lecture slides]. Platform/Repository. URL

Example 4:

• Thiyagu, K. (2024, September 25). Sociological research methods - Practicum [Lecture slides]. OER Commons India. https://oercommons.org/courseware/related-resource/116919/view

59. Original Material in a Classroom Course Pack, With Author References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of material in sentence case. In Editor's First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Course code: Course title in italic sentence case (pp. xx-xx). University Name.

Example 1:

• Kumar, R. (2025). Digital governance: Citizen participation in local bodies. In S. Sharma (Ed.), POL 301: Public Administration in the Digital Age (pp. 55-62). Delhi University.

Example 2:

• Singh, M., & Gupta, P. (2025). Grassroots activism and online mobilization in India. In S. Sharma (Ed.), POL 301: Public Administration in the Digital Age (pp. 63-70). Delhi University.

60. Original Material in a Classroom Course Pack, No Author References

Format: Title of material in sentence case. (Year). In Editor's First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Course code: Course title in italic sentence case (pp. xx-xx). University Name.

Example:

• The structure of the Indian monsoon system. (2025). In A. K. Joshi (Ed.), GEO 101: Fundamentals of Indian Geography (pp. 88-92). Banaras Hindu University.

61. Religious Work References

Format: (Translated Religious Work) Title of religious work in italic sentence case (Translator's First Initial. Last Name, Trans.; Edition, if applicable). (Year). Publisher.

Example:

• Shrimad Bhagavad Gita (Swami Gambhirananda, Trans.; 3rd ed.). (2020). Advaita Ashrama.

Format: (Online Religious Work) Title of religious work in italic sentence case. (Year). Publisher/Website Name. URL (Original work published Year)

Example:

• Ramcharitmanas. (2023). Gita Press Online. https://www.gitapress.org/ramcharitmanas (Original work published c. 16th Century CE)

62. Annotated Religious Work References

Format: Editor's Last Name, First Initial., & Editor's Last Name, First Initial. (Eds.). (Year). Title of annotated religious work in italic sentence case. Publisher.

Example:

• Sharma, V., & Das, S. (Eds.). (2024). The Rigveda: An interpretive study with historical context. Motilal Banarsidass.

63. Fact Sheet References

Format: Author/Organization. (n.d. or Year). Title of fact sheet in italic sentence case [Fact sheet]. Parent Organization (if different). URL (if online)

Example 1 (n.d.):

• Central Pollution Control Board. (n.d.). Air pollution in major Indian cities: What you can do to reduce exposure [Fact sheet]. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. https://www.cpcb.nic.in/uploads/airpollution_factsheet.pdf

Example 2 (with year):

• National Health Authority. (2025). Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana: A guide to cashless healthcare [Fact sheet]. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. https://www.nha.gov.in/newsroom/fact-sheets/abpmjay-guide-factsheet

64.  ISO Standard References

Format: Issuing Body. (Year). Standard title in italic sentence case (Standard No. XXXX:Year). Publisher (if different from author). URL (if online)

Example 1 (ISO Standard):

• Bureau of Indian Standards. (2023). Quality management systems—Requirements with guidance for use (IS/ISO Standard No. 9001:2023). Bureau of Indian Standards. https://www.bis.gov.in/standards/9001-2023.html

Example 2 (National Standard/Regulation):

• Directorate General of Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes. (1986). The Factories Act, 1948: Provisions relating to occupational safety and health (DGFASLI Standard No. 1986.3.2). Ministry of Labour & Employment. https://dgfasli.nic.in/laws-acts-rules/factories-act-1948.pdf

65.  Press Release References

Format: Author/Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of press release in italic sentence case [Press release]. URL

Example:

• Reserve Bank of India. (2025, July 10). RBI announces new digital payment guidelines to boost financial inclusion [Press release]. https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=XXXXX

66. White Paper References

General Principle: Treat white papers as reports.

Reference List Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of white paper in italic sentence case (Report No. xxx, if applicable). Publisher. URL.

Format: (Author, Year)

Example:

• NITI Aayog. (2023). Strategy for New India @ 75: White paper on sustainable development. https://niti.gov.in/white-paper-sustainable-development

67. Data Set References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of data set in italic sentence case (Version No., if applicable) [Data set]. Repository/Publisher. URL (if available)

Example:

• Kumar, V. (2024). Demographic and socio-economic survey of rural households in Uttar Pradesh (ICPSR 98765; Version V2) [Data set]. Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR98765.v2

68. Toolbox References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., Author's Last Name, First Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case: Toolbox and evaluation. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL (if available)

Example:

• Singh, R., Mehta, P., Sharma, S., Rao, J., Gupta, N., Devi, L., & Das, M. (2023). Using a smartphone sensor to acquire human gait data: Toolbox and evaluation. Indian Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 15(3), 210-225. https://doi.org/10.3758/ijbe.2023.15.3.210

Case Studies References General Principle: There is no specific APA format for case studies; they are typically published as articles or reports. Cite them according to the publication type. If they have a specific case study number, include it.

69. Case Study in an Edited Book References

Format: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of case study in sentence case. In Editor's First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Title of book in italic sentence case (pp. xx-xx). Publisher.

Example:

• Verma, S. (2023). Digital learning initiatives in rural India: A case study of Project Shiksha. In A. K. Gupta & P. Devi (Eds.), Innovations in education: Indian perspectives (pp. 112-130). New Delhi Publishing House.

70. Case Study Published as a Standalone Report/Teaching Material References

Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of case study in italic sentence case (Case Study No. XXXX). Institution/Publisher. URL (if online)

Example:

• Sharma, R. K. (2024). Community-based conservation efforts in the Western Ghats: The case of Save Sahyadri (Case Study No. IIMB-ENV-005). Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. https://www.iimb.ac.in/case-studies/save-sahyadri.pdf

71. Legal Cases References

Supreme Court of Bharat Case References

Format: Case Name in Italics (Year) Volume Reporter Page.

Example:

• Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978) 1 SCC 248.

Note: "SCC" refers to "Supreme Court Cases," a common reporter for Supreme Court judgments.

High Court of Bharat Case References

Format: Case Name in Italics (Year) Volume Reporter Page (High Court Abbreviation).

Example:

• S. R. Bommai v. Union of India (1990) AIR 1990 Kar 5.

Note: "AIR" refers to "All India Reporter," and "Kar" indicates the Karnataka High Court. The specific High Court abbreviation might vary.

72. Using a Legal Database for Cases (if the primary source is unavailable or not used directly) References

While direct legal citation is preferred, if you accessed the case through a legal database that provides a unique citation format, you might include the database information. However, for formal legal writing or strong adherence to legal style, use the standard legal citation.

Format: Case Name in Italics, Year, Case Identifier (Database Name). URL (if direct link is stable and accessible)

Example:

• Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, 1973 AIR 1461 (Indian Kanoon). https://indiankanoon.org/doc/257876/.

73. Software References

Format: Author, A. A. (Year). Name of the software or app (Version number) [Computer software or Mobile app]. Publisher. URL.

Example 1 (Mobile App):

• Arogya Health Tech. (2023). MyHealth Tracker (Version 2.1) [Mobile app]. Google Play Store. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.arogya.healthtracker

Example 2 (AI Tool):

• TechInnovate India. (2024). BharatGPT (Beta 1.0) [Large language model]. https://bharatgpt.ai/

74. Facebook Post References

Format: Author/Page Name. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description of attached material] [Post type]. Facebook. URL

Example:

• The Logical Indian. (2025, July 12). Are you interested in social justice issues? Read about how local communities in rural India are transforming their villages [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/TheLogicalIndian/posts/pfbid023456789abcdef0123456789abcdef

75. Facebook Page References

Format: Author/Page Name. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example:

• Incredible India. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.facebook.com/incredibleindia/

76. LinkedIn Post References

Format: Author/Profile Name. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description of attached material] [Post]. LinkedIn. URL

Example 1:

• NITI Aayog. (2025, June 1). Last month, NITI Aayog partnered with leading academic institutions to explore sustainable development goals across Indian states [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/niti-aayog_sustainable-development-india-activity-7212345678901234567

Example 2:

• Singh, P. (2025, July). The most inspiring part of attending the All India Management Conference 2025 in Bengaluru was connecting with visionary leaders [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/priyasingh_managementconference-india2025-activity-7212345678901234567

77. LinkedIn Profile References

Format: Author/Profile Name. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example:

• Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://www.linkedin.com/school/indian-institute-of-technology-bombay/

78. X Post References

Format: Author's/Account Name [@Username]. (Year, Month Day). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Description of attached material] [Post]. X. URL

Example 1:

• Ministry of Health India [@MoHFW_India]. (2025, April 5). We have launched a new public health campaign to raise awareness about dengue prevention in urban areas [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/MoHFW_India/status/1789012345678901234

Example 2:

• Greenpeace India [@greenpeaceindia]. (2025, June 20). If you care about #climateaction, you need to support #renewableenergy initiatives in India [Video attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/greenpeaceindia/status/1789012345678901234

79. X Profile References

Format: Author's/Account Name [@Username]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL

Example:

• Press Information Bureau [@PIB_India]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved July 14, 2025, from https://x.com/PIB_India

Note: All Examples are Illustrative for Guidance